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More recently, given the global recession, talk has turned to the economics of climate change, the costs of keeping it manageable and the costs if we don’t. The trillions of dollars in stimulus packages now being put in place across the world are increasingly seen as a chance to invest in sustainable green technologies and production which will not only help build a low-carbon future but which will kick-start growth and safeguard jobs.

But there is another dimension to the climate change debate which does not tend to get as much attention as the environmental and economic impacts – and that is the moral imperative which we all share to prevent a massive humanitarian crisis. Global warming is not just an ecological and financial dilemma – it is an ethical one which opens up unsettling questions concerning justice, fairness, responsibilities and obligations.

When the world’s leaders meet in Copenhagen in December to agree a global climate deal to replace the weak and ageing Kyoto Protocol, they will know that the eyes of the world are upon them. We expect them to do the right thing. That means agreeing a deal which is ambitious and achievable – and also equitable. A fair deal in Copenhagen must be based on the “polluter pays” principle — those most responsible for climate damage must accept their obligations and bear most of the cost.

WWF video

We believe the moral obligation we all bear for finding a sustainable and equitable solution to climate change is as compelling as the economic and environmental arguments. Climate change undermines livelihoods and widens the gulf between rich and poor. You only have to look at those who will be — are already being – worst affected by global warming to realize this is an issue of social justice, poverty and human rights.

Climate refugees are already a reality – witness the coastal communities in the Indian state of Orissa who have been forced to abandon their homes and fields because of rising sea levels, or the victims of extreme weather events like Hurricane Katrina. Failure to keep global warming below the crucial 2°C threshold will see many, many more examples of climate refugees. Last year global crop failures and spiralling food prices were exacerbated by – amongst other things – drought linked to climate change. Nearly half the world’s population lives within 100km of the coast – where will they go when sea levels rise as a result of global warming? As is so often the case, the developing world will be hardest hit.

To be equitable, a global climate deal must also be effective.

That means bold and quantifiable emissions reductions to protect vulnerable people and places from the worst impacts.

The good news is that we already have the technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by nearly half in the next thirty years by investing in energy efficiency, moving to renewable energy supplies such as wind and solar power, and stopping the destruction of the world’s great forests. What’s more, the costs of moving to a low carbon economy are affordable, especially compared with the costs of not doing anything.

A recent study by McKinsey & Co identified more than two hundred opportunities spread across all regions and in all sectors of industry which – if they were all implemented – would help keep us under the critical 2°C threshold. What is currently lacking is the political will to implement the necessary measures.

We are hopeful that the political will to enable a global climate deal is changing. When the world’s leaders sit around the negotiation table this coming December, they will have to come to grips with three powerful truths. As a matter of science, it is clear that if we fail to curb our emissions, we are heading for catastrophic climate change.

As a matter of economics, we can afford to meet the challenge. And as a matter of simple justice, we must act boldly and urgently to protect the most vulnerable among us. Between now and December, the challenge for all of us is to ensure our demand for action is heard – and that challenge starts with Earth Hour.

The National Geographic Society will participate in Earth Hour observance by going dark — turning off all interior and exterior lighting on its Washington, D.C. campus – Saturday evening from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m Eastern time. As part of it’s “Preserve Our Planet” initiative, the National Geographic Channel is supporting Earth Hour by airing public service announcements asking viewers to participate in the observance by turning off their lights.